;;; card-games-core.el --- Shared engine core for card games  -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-

;; Copyright (C) 2026  Corwin Brust

;; Author: Corwin Brust <corwin@bru.st>
;; Maintainer: Corwin Brust <corwin@bru.st>
;; Version: 1.0.91
;; Keywords: games
;; URL: https://code.bru.st/corwin/card-game.el

;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; A small EIEIO scaffolding shared by the games in this package.  It
;; provides the abstract `card-games-game' class with a plist "environment" for
;; mutable per-game state, the `card-games-render' and `card-games-won-p' generics, and
;; a handful of card and display utilities (suit glyphs, colour
;; helpers, a shuffle, and common faces).
;;
;; Cards are normally represented as a cons cell (SUIT . RANK) with suit
;; indices 0=Spades 1=Clubs 2=Diamonds 3=Hearts; games define their own
;; rank scales.  nil conventionally denotes an empty slot.

;;; Code:

(require 'cl-lib)
(require 'eieio)

(defgroup card-games nil
  "Play card games in Emacs."
  :group 'games
  :prefix "card-games-")

(defcustom card-games-card-scale 1.0
  "Card-size multiplier applied on top of any text scaling.
Adjust with the card-size slider or the zoom keys (+/-/0)."
  :type 'number :group 'card-games)

(defcustom card-games-cursor-type nil
  "Cursor shape in card-games buffers.
Card-game buffers are display surfaces -- you act on the highlighted
card or board cell, not on the text cursor -- so the text cursor is
hidden by default (nil), which also stops it blinking without touching
the global `blink-cursor-mode'.  Set to a value such as `box' or `bar'
to show a cursor instead."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "Hidden (no blink)" nil)
                 (const :tag "Box" box) (const :tag "Bar" bar)
                 (const :tag "Frame default" t))
  :group 'card-games)


;;;; Engine base

(defcustom card-games-keys 'emacs
  "Keybinding scheme for the card games.
`emacs' follows Emacs conventions (arrow keys to move, RET to act,
g to redraw).  `classic' additionally enables vi-style hjkl movement
and SPC as an action key.  Takes effect the next time a game starts."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "Emacs conventions" emacs)
                 (const :tag "Classic (adds hjkl, SPC)" classic))
  :group 'card-games)

(defcustom card-games-ai-level 'normal
  "Difficulty of the computer opponents, where a game supports it.
`easy' plays a quick, simple game, `normal' plays soundly, and `hard'
thinks a little harder.  Honoured by Russian Bank (Crapette) and the
trick-taking games so far; other games ignore it for now.  Change it from
the `card-games' menu or with `card-games-set-ai-level'."
  :type '(choice (const :tag "Easy" easy)
                 (const :tag "Normal" normal)
                 (const :tag "Hard" hard))
  :group 'card-games)

(defclass card-games-game ()
  ((name :initarg :name :initform "game" :type string
         :documentation "Human-readable game name.")
   (env  :initarg :env  :initform nil
         :documentation "Mutable per-game data, stored as a plist.")
   (renderer :initarg :renderer :initform nil
             :documentation "Current `card-games-renderer', or nil for the default."))
  "Abstract base class for card games."
  :abstract t)

(cl-defgeneric card-games-render (game)
  "Return a propertized string depicting GAME.")

(cl-defgeneric card-games-won-p (game)
  "Return non-nil when GAME has been won.")

(cl-defmethod card-games-get ((game card-games-game) key)
  "Return value for KEY in GAME's environment."
  (plist-get (oref game env) key))

(cl-defmethod card-games-put ((game card-games-game) key value)
  "Set KEY to VALUE in GAME's environment and return VALUE."
  (oset game env (plist-put (oref game env) key value))
  value)


;;;; Renderer "skins"

;; A renderer (a "skin") is a display treatment: it knows how to draw a
;; game and how to map a click back to a game action.  Treatments are
;; EIEIO classes registered by name in `card-games-renderers'; a game holds the
;; one it is currently drawn with.  This lets a single game be shown as
;; plain text, as SVG, or as a full-window SVG table without subclassing
;; the game itself once per treatment.  Concrete treatments and the
;; game-specific drawing methods live in card-games-render.el and the games.

(defclass card-games-renderer ()
  ((name :initarg :name :initform 'text :type symbol
         :documentation "Symbol naming this treatment.")
   (regions :initarg :regions :initform nil
            :documentation "Click map from the last draw: list of (RECT . ACTION),
RECT being (X Y W H) in unscaled image pixels."))
  "Abstract base class for a display treatment (a \"skin\")."
  :abstract t)

(cl-defgeneric card-games-renderer-draw (renderer game)
  "Draw GAME under RENDERER by inserting into the current buffer.")

(cl-defgeneric card-games-renderer-hit (renderer game position)
  "Map POSITION under RENDERER to an action on GAME.
Return non-nil when the click was handled.")

(cl-defmethod card-games-renderer-draw ((renderer card-games-renderer) (game card-games-game))
  "Default method: signal that RENDERER cannot draw GAME."
  (error "No `card-games-renderer-draw' for %s under the `%s' renderer"
         (eieio-object-class-name game) (oref renderer name)))

(cl-defmethod card-games-renderer-hit ((_renderer card-games-renderer) (_game card-games-game) _position)
  "Default method: treat the click as unhandled."
  nil)

(defun card-games-regions-hit (regions px py)
  "Return the ACTION of the first region in REGIONS containing PX, PY.
Each region is (RECT . ACTION) with RECT (X Y W H) in image pixels."
  (cl-loop for (rect . action) in regions
           for (x y w h) = rect
           when (and (>= px x) (< px (+ x w)) (>= py y) (< py (+ y h)))
           return action))

(cl-defgeneric card-games-render-apply (game action)
  "Perform ACTION (returned by a renderer hit) on GAME.
Card-size actions (scale/zoom) are handled here; games specialise this
for their own actions and delegate the rest with `cl-call-next-method'."
  (ignore game)
  (pcase action
    (`(scale . ,v) (setq card-games-card-scale v) t)
    ('zoom-in  (setq card-games-card-scale (min 3.0 (+ card-games-card-scale 0.15))) t)
    ('zoom-out (setq card-games-card-scale (max 0.4 (- card-games-card-scale 0.15))) t)
    ('zoom-reset (setq card-games-card-scale 1.0) t)
    (_ nil)))

(defvar card-games-renderers nil
  "Alist mapping a treatment name (a symbol) to a `card-games-renderer' subclass.
Populate it with `card-games-register-renderer' and look entries up with
`card-games-make-renderer'.")

(defun card-games-register-renderer (name class)
  "Register renderer CLASS (an EIEIO class) under the treatment NAME."
  (setf (alist-get name card-games-renderers) class))

(defun card-games-make-renderer (name)
  "Return a fresh renderer instance for treatment NAME, or nil if unknown."
  (let ((class (alist-get name card-games-renderers)))
    (and class (make-instance class :name name))))

(defun card-games-renderer-names ()
  "Return the registered treatment names."
  (mapcar #'car card-games-renderers))


;;;; Cards and colours

(defcustom card-games-symbols
  '((0 . "♠") (1 . "♣") (2 . "♦") (3 . "♥") (joker . "★"))
  "Glyphs used to draw suits, both as text and inside the SVG cards.
The value is an alist mapping a suit index (0 spades, 1 clubs,
2 diamonds, 3 hearts) or the symbol `joker' to the string drawn for it.
Customize this to use alternative Unicode symbols, for example the
outlined suits \"♤\" \"♧\" \"♢\" \"♡\"."
  :type '(alist :key-type sexp :value-type string)
  :group 'card-games)

(defconst card-games-suit-names ["Spades" "Clubs" "Diamonds" "Hearts"]
  "Suit names indexed 0..3 to match the suit indices used throughout.")

(defun card-games-suit-glyph (suit)
  "Return the glyph drawn for SUIT, a suit index 0-3 or the symbol `joker'.
The glyphs are taken from `card-games-symbols'."
  (or (cdr (assoc suit card-games-symbols))
      (and (integerp suit) (aref card-games-suit-names suit))
      "?"))

(defsubst card-games-red-suit-p (suit)
  "Return t when SUIT index denotes a red suit, else nil.
Normalised to a boolean so callers may compare two results with `eq'
\(diamonds and hearts are both red but `memq' returns different tails)."
  (and (memq suit '(2 3)) t))

(defsubst card-games-sister-suit (suit)
  "Return the other suit index of the same colour as SUIT."
  (pcase suit (0 1) (1 0) (2 3) (3 2)))

(defvar card-games-shuffle-seed nil
  "When non-nil, `card-games-shuffle' is deterministic, seeded by this value.
The value may be a number or a string.  Bind it around a deal to
reproduce that deal exactly -- for replays, for a deal shared between
players, or for a repeatable test -- and the same seed yields the same
order on every platform Emacs runs on.  nil (the default) means an
unpredictable shuffle drawn from the system `random'.")

(defun card-games-shuffle--seeded-index (seed i limit)
  "Return a deterministic index in [0, LIMIT) for step I under SEED.
Uses `secure-hash', whose output is identical on every platform and
Emacs build, so a seeded deal is reproducible and shareable.  The 7
hex digits taken span 28 bits, which stays a fixnum even on a 32-bit
Emacs, so no bignum or overflow behaviour can vary the result."
  (let ((r (string-to-number
            (substring (secure-hash 'sha256 (format "%s|%d" seed i)) 0 7)
            16)))
    (mod r limit)))

(defun card-games-shuffle (seq &optional seed)
  "Return a new list with the elements of SEQ in random order.
With a non-nil SEED, or a non-nil `card-games-shuffle-seed', the shuffle is
deterministic: the same seed produces the same order on every platform,
so a deal can be replayed or shared between players.  An explicit SEED
overrides `card-games-shuffle-seed'.  The seed may be a number or a string.
With no seed the order is unpredictable (system `random')."
  (let* ((v (vconcat seq))
         (n (length v))
         (seed (or seed card-games-shuffle-seed)))
    (dotimes (i n)
      (let ((j (+ i (if seed
                        (card-games-shuffle--seeded-index seed i (- n i))
                      (random (- n i))))))
        (cl-rotatef (aref v i) (aref v j))))
    (append v nil)))


;;;; Shared faces

(defface card-games-red-suit
  '((((background dark))  :foreground "#ff7961")
    (t :foreground "red3"))
  "Face for red-suited cards." :group 'card-games)

(defface card-games-cursor '((t :inverse-video t))
  "Face for the cell or card under the cursor." :group 'card-games)

(defface card-games-gap
  '((((background dark))  :foreground "#a6a6a6")
    (t :foreground "#595959"))
  "Face for an empty slot." :group 'card-games)

(defface card-games-hint
  '((((background dark))  :foreground "green3" :weight bold)
    (t :foreground "#207a3f" :weight bold))
  "Face for a valid move target (a fillable gap)." :group 'card-games)

(defun card-games-color (face attribute fallback)
  "Return FACE's ATTRIBUTE colour if usable on this display, else FALLBACK.
Degrades gracefully when there is no theme/frame (e.g. in a terminal
or batch), so callers always get a drawable colour string."
  (let ((c (ignore-errors (face-attribute face attribute nil t))))
    (if (and (stringp c)
             (not (string-prefix-p "unspecified" c))
             (ignore-errors (color-defined-p c)))
        c
      fallback)))

(defun card-games-scale ()
  "Return the SVG card scale factor for the current buffer.
Combines `card-games-card-scale' with `text-scale-mode-amount', so both the
size slider and `text-scale-increase' enlarge the cards."
  (let ((amt (if (boundp 'text-scale-mode-amount) text-scale-mode-amount 0)))
    (max 0.3 (min 4.0 (* card-games-card-scale (expt 1.15 amt))))))

(defvar-local card-games-current-game nil
  "The `card-games-game' shown in the current buffer (for shared mouse/zoom).")

(defvar-local card-games-redisplay-function #'ignore
  "Buffer-local function that redraws the current game's buffer.")

(defun card-games-card-refresh ()
  "Redraw the current game buffer via `card-games-redisplay-function'."
  (funcall card-games-redisplay-function))

(defun card-games-mouse-action (event)
  "Return the action under mouse EVENT from the clicked image's region map.
The clicked display string must carry a `card-games-regions' text property."
  (let* ((posn (event-start event)) (pt (posn-point posn))
         (regions (and pt (get-text-property pt 'card-games-regions))))
    (when regions
      (let ((xy (posn-object-x-y posn)) (sc (card-games-scale)))
        (and xy (card-games-regions-hit regions
                                (round (/ (car xy) sc)) (round (/ (cdr xy) sc))))))))

(defun card-games-card-click (event)
  "Dispatch mouse EVENT on a card or control to the current game."
  (interactive "e")
  (let ((action (card-games-mouse-action event)))
    (when (and action card-games-current-game)
      (card-games-render-apply card-games-current-game action)
      (card-games-card-refresh))))

(defun card-games-card-zoom-in ()
  "Make the cards larger."
  (interactive)
  (setq card-games-card-scale (min 3.0 (+ card-games-card-scale 0.15))) (card-games-card-refresh))

(defun card-games-card-zoom-out ()
  "Make the cards smaller."
  (interactive)
  (setq card-games-card-scale (max 0.4 (- card-games-card-scale 0.15))) (card-games-card-refresh))

(defun card-games-card-zoom-reset ()
  "Reset the card size."
  (interactive)
  (setq card-games-card-scale 1.0) (card-games-card-refresh))

(defun card-games-insert-legend (text)
  "Insert TEXT as a shadowed one-line control legend in the current buffer.
Games call this at the foot of the board so the common controls -- a
new deal, undo, help, and returning to the menu -- stay visible instead
of hiding behind a keystroke."
  (insert (propertize (concat "  " text "\n") 'face 'shadow)))

(defun card-games-quit-to-menu ()
  "Leave the current game and return to the `card-games' chooser.
Buries the game buffer and reopens the game list, so `q' takes the
player back to where they started rather than to whatever buffer
happened to be underneath.  Falls back to `quit-window' when the
chooser is not available (for example a game loaded on its own)."
  (interactive)
  (let ((game (current-buffer)))
    (if (fboundp 'card-games)
        (progn (card-games) (bury-buffer game))
      (quit-window))))

(provide 'card-games-core)
;;; card-games-core.el ends here